An Integrative Review of Leukemia in Relation to Ayurvedic Fundamentals and Experimental Evidence

Abstract

Neoplasms are defined as abnormal masses of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, autonomous, and excessive cellular proliferation. Leukemia, a malignant hematological neoplasm, is characterized by clonal expansion of immature myeloid or lymphoid blast cells, leading to abnormal elevation of circulating white blood cells and progressive bone marrow failure. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and therapy, leukemia continues to pose a major global health burden. Worldwide cases have increased substantially over recent decades, reflecting improved survival rates, population growth, and aging, alongside a growing demand for supportive and holistic care approaches.

Classical Ayurvedic texts do not describe leukemia as a distinct disease entity; however, its pathophysiology can be interpreted through Ayurvedic fundamentals such as Rakta Dushti, Dhatu Dushti, Arbuda, and derangement of Agni and Srotas. While Raktaja Arbuda is often considered the nearest conceptual correlate, leukemia differs in its diffuse, systemic, and non-localized nature. Ayurveda emphasizes understanding disease at the level of causative factors (Nidana), tissue involvement, and imbalance of Doshas, offering a framework for integrative interpretation rather than direct nosological equivalence.

Several classical Ayurvedic formulations and medicinal plants—such as Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Triphala, Kanchanara Guggulu, Punarnava, and Shigru—have demonstrated immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying properties in experimental and preliminary clinical studies. These interventions may support host immunity, mitigate chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced adverse effects, and improve overall quality of life.

This integrative review explores leukemia through Ayurvedic conceptual frameworks alongside experimental evidence, highlighting the potential role of Ayurveda as an adjunct in comprehensive leukemia care. The study underscores the need for systematic experimental and clinical research to validate Ayurvedic interventions and facilitate their evidence-based integration into modern oncology.

DOI: 10.8612/40.4.2025.4