Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Innovations, Clinical Applications, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in clinical therapeutics by enabling targeted, controlled, and efficient drug delivery. Conventional drug delivery systems often suffer from low bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and non-specific distribution, limiting their clinical efficacy. Nanocarrier-based systems such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles offer precise targeting, controlled release, and enhanced pharmacokinetics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of nanotechnology-based drug delivery in clinical practice, discussing types of nanocarriers, mechanisms of action, current clinical applications, challenges, regulatory considerations, and future perspectives.