MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UMBILICAL CORD IN NEONATAL OUTCOME

Abstract

The umbilical cord is a vital structure during intrauterine life, serving as the essential conduit between the developing fetus and the placenta. It plays a critical role in providing oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and removing waste products, enabling proper growth and development. The umbilical cord consists of two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein, surrounded by a protective gelatinous substance known as Wharton's jelly. Variations in the umbilical cord's morphology—including its length, thickness, coiling index, presence of knots, and insertion type—can have significant implications on neonatal outcomes.