Influence of Geographic and Climatic Variations on Phytochemical Constituents of Medicinal Herbs

Abstract

Phytochemical constituents in medicinal herbs are crucial for their therapeutic efficacy. However, these compounds are not static and can vary significantly based on geographic and climatic conditions. The geographic location, altitude, latitude, and climate of the cultivation area play essential roles in influencing the composition and concentration of phytochemicals in medicinal plants. This review paper delves into how variations in temperature, rainfall, soil composition, altitude, and other environmental factors contribute to the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds found in medicinal herbs. By analyzing case studies and existing research on different plant species, the paper highlights how these factors modulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. The paper also addresses the impact of cultivation practices and natural habitats on the phytochemical profiles of these plants. Understanding the role of environmental factors in medicinal herb production can provide insights into improving the efficacy and consistency of plant-based therapies. Moreover, this review underscores the importance of standardized growing conditions to ensure the high quality of medicinal plant products for pharmaceutical applications. The findings presented in this review aim to support future research and inform agricultural and pharmaceutical industries focused on optimizing medicinal plant cultivation and extraction techniques for maximum therapeutic benefits.

DOI: 10.8612/38.3.2023.1