Herbo-Pharmaceutical Approaches in Combating Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Abstract

The global rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens presents a critical challenge to modern medicine. With diminishing efficacy of conventional antibiotics, herbo-pharmaceutical strategies—integrating traditional herbal medicine with modern pharmaceutical technologies—are emerging as promising alternatives. This paper explores the potential of bioactive phytochemicals, polyherbal formulations, and novel delivery systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes in overcoming resistance mechanisms. A comprehensive literature review reveals that various plant-derived compounds exhibit antimicrobial synergy, efflux pump inhibition, and membrane disruption. Furthermore, advanced extraction techniques, standardization methods, and molecular docking have enhanced the drug-likeness and reproducibility of herbal therapeutics. Through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical case studies, the paper highlights key success stories and limitations in the translation of herbo-pharmaceuticals to clinical practice. The findings emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and regulatory frameworks to promote these solutions as part of mainstream anti-MDR strategies.

DOI: 10.8612/40.4.2025.1